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Monthly Multifamily Intelligence
Sun Belt & Southeast Markets
Issue 01 April 2026
The
REEF
REPORT

12 metro areas. 49 submarkets. 18,752 properties. One read. Data sourced from Yardi Matrix, Marcus & Millichap, CBRE, Colliers, Newmark, MMG Real Estate Advisors, NMHC, and the Federal Reserve, synthesized by Coral Reef Capital to surface what matters for multifamily operators and allocators across the Sun Belt.

Markets covered ATL · AUS · CLT · DAL · FTL · HOU · MIA · BNA · MCO · RDU · SAT · TPA
From the Desk

Supply is still the story.

Nine of twelve Sun Belt markets posted negative rent growth in April 2026. Only Dallas (+1.2%), Atlanta (+0.7%), and Raleigh (+0.7%) finished in positive territory, and all three are sitting on pipelines that will test that resilience through the year.

The pattern across this report is consistent: RBN assets are outperforming Lifestyle in almost every market as upper-tier supply deliveries concentrate in premium corridors. Outer-ring, supply-constrained submarkets are running entirely different math, double-digit rent growth in outer-ring exurbs and industrial corridors across the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Texas while urban cores absorb the weight of a five-year building cycle that peaked in 2024–2025.

The opportunity set is sharpening. Employment fundamentals across this footprint remain broadly sound, Charlotte added 37,600 jobs (3rd nationally), Dallas 14,900, Tampa 15,500. The supply-demand imbalance is a timing issue. Markets with strong job formation, moderating pipelines, and submarket-level supply scarcity are where we are focused.

All market data sourced from Yardi Matrix MarketPoint, April 2026. This report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice.

Where We Are in the Cycle
Three independent surveys. One conclusion: the turn is here.
NMHC, MMG, and CBRE sentiment data all converge on the same signal, capital is returning, operations are soft, and the acquisition window is open.
NMHC Debt Financing Index
75
Q1 2026, 53% report better borrowing conditions. 4th consecutive quarter of improvement. Was 3 at the Q2 2022 trough (95% reported worse).
Q2 2022 (Trough)3
Q1 2024 (Pivot)66
Q4 2024 (Peak)77
Q1 2026 (Now)75
MMG Net Investor Sentiment
+55
2026, highest reading in the 4-year survey series. Buy intent at 65% (up from 45% in 2023). Sell intent collapsed to 8%.
2023 (Bottom)−12
2024 (Inflection)+18
2025 (Rebound)+42
2026 (Recovery)+55
CBRE Investor Confidence (Core MF)
76%
Q4 2025, share of investors expressing positive sentiment for Core multifamily acquisitions. Up from 44% in late 2024. Investment volume +9.1% YoY to $161.6B.
Late 202444%
Q4 202576%
2025 Volume$161.6B
2026 Growth Proj+9–16%
The key divergence: operations are loose, but capital is surging.

The NMHC Market Tightness Index sits at 32, markets are loose, supply is hitting, concessions are elevated. But the Debt Financing Index is at 75 and equity is at 53. Money is available. Assets are soft. This is the definition of an acquisition window: when you can borrow and the thing you're buying is under pressure. By the time operations tighten, pricing will have already moved.

Sources: NMHC Quarterly Survey of Apartment Conditions (Q1 2022–Q1 2026, 16 quarters); MMG Multifamily Investor Pulse Surveys (2023–2026); CBRE Q4 2025 U.S. Multifamily Figures.
Macro Watch
Four forces shaping the next 18 months.
Beyond individual market fundamentals, the macro variables every Sun Belt operator needs in their model right now.
National Context
A supply-constrained world is constructive for hard-asset owners.

The global economy has shifted from demand-constrained to supply-constrained (Haver/Cates, March 2026). Disruptions no longer dissipate quickly, they accumulate, interact, and amplify. For multifamily operators who own physical assets in supply-scarce markets, this structural shift is fundamentally constructive.

National asking rents are flat at $1,740 per Yardi Matrix, but the pipeline is the real story. National completions dropped to 297,000 units in 2025, and Yardi projects market-rate supply in 2028 will be 31% below 2025 levels. Texas statewide deliveries are projected at under 40,000 units through summer 2026 versus over 92,000 in the prior 12 months (Texas Real Estate Research Center).

The ISM Services PMI remains at 54.0 in March, expansion for the 21st consecutive month, with new orders surging to 60.6, the highest since February 2023 (ISM, March 2026). The demand floor is holding. Meanwhile, 2025 apartment investment volume hit $165.5 billion, up 9.4% YoY (Arbor Realty Trust). Capital is positioning ahead of the supply-driven recovery.

2025 Completions297,000
2028 Supply vs. 2025−31%
ISM Services PMI (Mar)54.0
ISM New Orders60.6
2025 Investment Volume$165.5B (+9.4%)
Geopolitical Risk · Inflation · Rates
The Iran variable: a supply shock the Fed may be misdiagnosing.

Gas prices jumped 40% in two months, from $2.93 to $4.11/gallon, following the U.S.-Israel strikes on Iran and the Hormuz closure (Haver/Prakken, April 2026). To match the 1979 Iranian Revolution shock, gas would need to reach ~$6.70/gallon. To match the 1973 OPEC embargo: ~$4.75. We are approaching the 1973 threshold. This is not hypothetical anymore.

The 3-month annualized CPI hit 3% before the oil spike even landed (Haver/Carson). The ISM Services Prices Index surged to 70.7, the fastest since October 2022, with 46% of respondents reporting higher prices. Commercial bank credit is growing at 7.65% annualized, the fastest pace since 2022's inflationary peak (Carson). The Fed's implied real rate of 1% is, per Carson, inadequate for a supply-shock environment that historically required 2–3% real rates. Long-end yields reflect growing inflation anxiety.

Rate cap costs have repriced. For operators on bridge debt, this is a direct cash flow hit not in most 2026 budgets. But higher oil is a structural tailwind for Texas employment, the Dallas Fed projects +1.1% statewide job growth in 2026, even as the national economy shed 92,000 jobs in February (BLS).

Gas Price (Apr)$4.11 (+40%)
1973 Shock Threshold~$4.75
Core CPI (3-mo annualized)3.0%
ISM Prices Paid (Mar)70.7
Bank Credit Growth7.65% ann.
TX Job Growth Forecast+1.1%
Operating Expenses
Insurance: the hidden tailwind nobody is modeling.

After three years of double-digit premium increases, the multifamily insurance market has turned. Commercial rates fell 4% in Q4 2025, the sixth consecutive quarterly decline (Marsh Global Insurance Market Index). Property premiums for quality, newer-vintage construction are declining 10% to 30% (Hub International via Multi-Housing News).

CBRE found that insurance was the only expense category whose growth rate was still accelerating into 2024, representing 8% of total expenses but 17% of total expense growth since 2019. That cost pressure has now reversed course.

Pair this with the supply cliff: fewer deliveries support top-line rent recovery while declining premiums compress the expense side. Revenue and expense tailwinds converging on the same timeline means NOI growth could outpace consensus projections meaningfully over the next 12–18 months.

Commercial Rates Q4 2025−4%
Consecutive Quarterly Declines6
Premium Decline (Quality Assets)10–30%
Share of Expense Growth (2019–24)17%
Credit Conditions · Mortgage Market
CRE credit stress is diminishing. The opacity risk lives in private credit.

Commercial real estate loan delinquencies rose "only modestly" post-COVID and remain below residential delinquency levels (Haver/Levy, March 2026). Banks remain well capitalized (Haver/Levy), charge-off rates remain low, and reserve coverage ratios are relatively high. Business debt continues declining as a percentage of GDP, corporate America has been deleveraging for years. There is no pre-GFC parallel here: no explosive debt growth, no exotic securitization, no insufficient bank capital.

The risk pocket is private credit. The ~$3 trillion market remains "murky" with insufficient regulatory data, and large banks are indirectly funding private lenders at 10.3% of total credit for large commercials (Carson). Narrow lender concentration and AI infrastructure debt add opacity. But for multifamily specifically, the credit environment is stabilizing.

Mortgage applications show signs of stabilization: purchase apps rose 1.1% week-over-week in early April, and the 30-year fixed eased to 6.68% (MBA, April 3 week). ARM share ticked up to 8.6%, suggesting borrowers are adapting. A tentative floor is forming, not a recovery yet, but the rate of decline is slowing.

30-Year Fixed (Apr 3)6.68%
Purchase Apps (WoW)+1.1%
CRE DelinquenciesBelow residential
Private Credit Market~$3T (limited visibility)
At a Glance
Market Scorecard
12-market summary ranked by M&M NMI. Rent growth columns compare Yardi Matrix (trailing) vs. Marcus & Millichap (2026 forecast). Sources: Yardi Matrix, Marcus & Millichap 2026 Forecast, MMG, Colliers.
Market NMI Rank Yardi Rent (Trailing) M&M Rent (2026F) Vacancy (2026F) Jobs (2026) Pipeline '26 Completions Trans. Vol (TTM)
Fort Lauderdale #1 −0.4% +3.3% 4.9% +0.7% 10,090 3,300 $996M
Miami #3 −0.2% +2.7% 4.9% 9,000 19,133 5,500 $1.15B
Raleigh #8 +0.7% +0.7% 5.0% 9,000 13,034 6,200 $1.3B
Houston #9 −0.8% +2.3% 6.3% 8,000 28,996 9,000 $3.5B
Tampa #11 −3.0% +2.1% 5.4% 6,000 18,283 5,300 $1.7B
Austin #13 −4.0% −1.3% 6.1% 8,000 23,500 8,000 $2.1B
San Antonio #14 −2.5% +2.1% 6.8% 15,000 13,876 3,500 $753M
Atlanta #15 +0.7% +4.1% 5.2% 19,000 27,869 8,400 $4.9B
Charlotte #16 −1.5% +1.6% 5.1% 14,000 29,805 10,000 $2.1B
Orlando #20 −0.5% +1.2% 4.8% 8,500 21,514 7,000 $2.7B
Dallas–Fort Worth #21 +1.2% +1.8% 5.9% 25,000 51,588 21,000 $3.9B
Nashville #35 −1.5% +0.5% 5.2% 10,000 17,747 6,200 $779M
Reading the gap: Where Yardi (trailing) is negative but M&M (forward) is positive, the market is at an inflection point. Tampa (−3.0% → +2.1%), San Antonio (−2.5% → +2.1%), and Houston (−0.8% → +2.3%) show the widest reversals. Atlanta's +4.1% M&M forecast, 2nd highest nationally, against a +0.7% Yardi trailing number suggests the strongest acceleration ahead. Austin remains the only market where both trailing and forward numbers are negative.
01 · Texas
Dallas–Fort Worth
981,449 units across 4,117 properties
+1.2% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+0.3%
14,900 net new jobs
Pipeline
51,588
#1 nationally
12-Mo Deliveries
32,882
units forecast
Transaction Volume
$3.9B
trailing 12 months
Avg Price / Unit
$166,317
 
"Dallas posts positive 1.2% rent growth despite carrying the largest construction pipeline in the nation, and forward indicators suggest the recovery is already underway at the asset level."
The Lifestyle/RBN split is inverted here, Lifestyle +1.5% while RBN declined 0.5%, suggesting that premium product is absorbing despite the record pipeline, while workforce housing faces tighter affordability pressure. But the leading indicators are turning decisively. Radix's March 2026 data shows DFW leasing traffic running significantly above the national average in tours per property per week, with new lease signings pacing well ahead of the national benchmark heading into spring leasing season. Units underway have dropped to ~30,700, the lowest since 2015 (Matthews/CoStar, Q4 2025), with construction starts down nearly 20% year-over-year. Given the 24-month construction timeline, the units not started in 2024–2025 will not deliver in 2026–2027. The supply relief is not coming, it is already here.

Class A rents already turned positive, rising 0.9% year-over-year in Q4 2025 while headline asking rents across all classes were still slightly negative (Northmarq). Concession usage is now most pervasive in Class C, not Class A or B (Marcus & Millichap), the recovery is filtering from premium to mid-tier product. Critically, DFW CPI fell 0.3% year-over-year through January 2026 while national CPI rose 2.4% (BLS, March 2026). Renter purchasing power in DFW is actually improving, a structural advantage completely absent from the national narrative. Value-add Class B operators are next in line for that pricing power as the recovery works its way down the quality stack.
02 · Georgia
Atlanta
593,048 units across 2,609 properties
+0.7% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+0.3%
19,800 net new jobs
Pipeline
27,869
#5 nationally
12-Mo Deliveries
19,703
3.3% inventory growth
Transaction Volume
$4.9B
103 properties · TTM
Avg Price / Unit
$195,165
#1 nationally
"Atlanta posts modest 0.7% rent growth as outer-ring suburbs outperform a supply-pressured urban core."
Atlanta's growth is bifurcated: RBN assets gained 0.8% while Lifestyle properties slipped −0.2%, driven by a top-5-nationally pipeline of 27,869 units concentrated in upper-tier product. Outer-ring submarkets like southern outer-ring suburbs (+4.4%) and southeast suburban corridors (+3.4%) are the value-add sweet spot, limited new supply, strong occupancy, and proximity to expanding healthcare and tech corridors. With 19,703 units forecast to deliver in 12 months against only 19,800 new jobs, Lifestyle absorption will remain challenged through mid-2027.
03 · North Carolina
Raleigh–Durham
218,204 units across 1,008 properties
+0.7% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+0.8%
8,000 net new jobs
Pipeline
13,034
#24 nationally (↓2)
12-Mo Deliveries
10,284
units forecast
Transaction Volume
$1.3B
trailing 12 months
Avg Price / Unit
$215,859
 
"Raleigh posts positive 0.7% rent growth, one of only three markets in the group in positive territory, as Lifestyle gains offset modest RBN softness."
Raleigh's Lifestyle assets (+0.9%) are outperforming RBN (−0.1%), the inverse of most peer markets, reflecting its high-concentration professional employment base (18.9% Professional and Business Services) and wage growth outpacing national averages. The pipeline is moderating at 13,034 units (#24 nationally, down two positions), and the 10,284-unit 12-month forecast against 8,000 new jobs is a manageable 1.3:1 ratio. outer-ring exurbs (+25.8%, 95.1% occupancy) signals acute supply scarcity in outer-ring locations.
04 · Florida
Fort Lauderdale
129,621 units across 538 properties
−0.4% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+0.5%
4,500 net new jobs
Pipeline
10,090
units
12-Mo Deliveries
7,248
units forecast
Transaction Volume
$996M
trailing 12 months
Avg Price / Unit
$256,329
 
"Fort Lauderdale posts a narrow −0.4% decline as northern suburban submarkets diverge sharply from struggling central and southern locations."
The market-level number masks extreme submarket dispersion: northern suburbs (+8.1%, 94.6% occupancy) and affluent western areas (+6.0%, 95.4% occupancy) are outperforming while central areas (−5.5%) and inner suburbs (−3.8%) absorb oversupply. Lifestyle assets are nearly flat (+0.1%) but RBN is under pressure (−0.8%), an unusual reversal. With only 4,500 new jobs and 7,248 units forecasted in 12 months, absorption capacity is thin, northern submarkets with no new supply are where the value lies.
05 · Florida
Miami
191,245 units across 977 properties
−0.2% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
−1.6%
−22,100 jobs lost
Pipeline
19,133
units
12-Mo Deliveries
9,862
units forecast
Transaction Volume
$1.15B
trailing 12 months
Avg Price / Unit
$282,079
highest in group
"Miami faces a double headwind of −22,100 job losses and a growing pipeline, yet holds to just −0.2% rent decline on the strength of core urban submarkets."
This is the only market in the group with actual employment contraction (−1.6%, losing 22,100 jobs), making the near-flat rent performance surprisingly resilient. The narrow RBN-vs-Lifestyle pricing spread (only 16% differential at $317K vs $273K per unit) signals unusually strong workforce housing investor demand. With 9,862 units delivering in 12 months against negative job growth, absorption will be slow, focus is warranted on established infill submarkets like urban infill core (+3.2%) and established residential neighborhoods (+3.1%) where supply is constrained and demand is structural.
06 · Florida
Orlando
309,751 units across 1,236 properties
−0.5% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+0.8%
12,200 net new jobs
Pipeline
21,514
units
12-Mo Deliveries
15,296
units forecast
Transaction Volume
$2.7B
#11 nationally
Avg Price / Unit
$225,524
 
"Orlando holds to a narrow −0.5% decline as RBN assets outperform (+0.9%) while Lifestyle absorbs heavy supply across western suburban corridors."
The RBN/Lifestyle divergence (+0.9% vs −0.8%) is the key signal, workforce housing is the relative winner as Lifestyle supply hits western and central suburban corridors. With 15,296 units delivering in 12 months against 12,200 new jobs and a tourism-dependent employment base (Leisure & Hospitality shedding 1,600 jobs), Lifestyle absorption remains challenged. Institutional conviction at $2.7B in transaction volume (#11 nationally) signals investors are selecting carefully within established suburban submarkets.
07 · Texas
Houston
789,223 units across 3,246 properties
−0.8% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+0.4%
14,800 net new jobs
Pipeline
28,996
#4 nationally
12-Mo Deliveries
17,030
units forecast
Transaction Volume
$3.5B
trailing 12 months
Avg Price / Unit
$126,764
lowest in group
"Houston rents slip −0.8% as the 4th-largest national pipeline bears down on a market still absorbing Professional Services job losses."
RBN is holding at +0.5% while Lifestyle drops −0.9%, the PBS sector shedding 18,500 jobs (−3.2%) is directly suppressing upper-tier demand. The 28,996-unit pipeline (#4 nationally) with 17,030 units due in 12 months against only 14,800 net new jobs creates continued pressure. Outer-ring petrochemical and industrial submarkets, outer-ring industrial areas (+10.4%), coastal industrial corridors (+7.6%), southwest petrochemical hubs (+7.2%), are thriving on different demand drivers and represent genuine supply-constrained value-add opportunities at Houston's below-average $126,764 per-unit entry point.
08 · North Carolina
Charlotte
257,259 units across 1,263 properties
−1.5% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+2.7%
37,600 jobs · #3 nationally
Pipeline
29,805
#3 nationally
12-Mo Deliveries
21,903
8.5% inventory growth
Transaction Volume
$2.1B
trailing 12 months
Avg Price / Unit
$214,856
 
"Charlotte's best-in-class employment growth (3rd nationally, +37,600 jobs) is being overwhelmed by the 3rd-largest construction pipeline in the country."
The employment story is exceptional, 2.7% growth ranking #3 nationally, but the 29,805-unit pipeline (#3 nationally) and 8.5% inventory growth forecast render it irrelevant for near-term rent recovery. RBN assets held at +1.1% while Lifestyle fell −1.8%, indicating workforce housing is the relative safe haven. Outer-ring submarkets (Western outer-ring areas +8.7%, exurban growth pockets (+3.5%)) with no new supply are absorbing employment-driven demand; once the pipeline clears in 18–24 months, Charlotte's strong job base makes it a top rebound candidate.
09 · Tennessee
Nashville
211,688 units across 1,068 properties
−1.5% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+1.0%
12,400 net new jobs
Pipeline
17,747
units
12-Mo Deliveries
12,320
5.8% inventory growth
Transaction Volume
$779M
#41 nationally
Avg Price / Unit
$196,671
 
"Nashville rents fall −1.5% uniformly across both Lifestyle and RBN as the pipeline overwhelms solid employment fundamentals."
Both segments declining equally (−1.6% Lifestyle, −1.4% RBN) indicates supply pressure is indiscriminate, not tier-specific, a sign the market broadly overbuilt. The 17,747-unit pipeline with 12,320 units forecasted in 12 months against 12,400 new jobs means nearly a 1:1 ratio of new supply to new jobs, leaving essentially no absorption buffer. Transaction volume is thin at $779M (#41 nationally), reflecting investor hesitation. deep suburban exurb growth of +19.8% (175-unit market with zero new supply) illustrates where the opportunity lives, deep suburban, no competition.
10 · Texas
San Antonio
253,209 units across 1,154 properties
−2.5% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+1.1%
13,100 jobs · #18 nationally
Pipeline
13,876
units
12-Mo Deliveries
11,033
units forecast
Transaction Volume
$753M
trailing 12 months
Avg Price / Unit
$120,341
2nd lowest in group
"San Antonio's −2.5% headline masks what the forward pipeline is signaling: a collapsing construction cycle that will create acute supply scarcity by late 2027."
Today both Lifestyle (−2.8%) and RBN (−2.1%) are declining, but the forward pipeline tells a radically different story. Apartment starts collapsed 80% in 2024 to just 1,874 units, the lowest since 2009 (MMG Real Estate Advisors). Units under construction have already fallen to approximately 4,800, a 76% reduction from the Q2 2023 peak (Newmark, Q3 2025). With construction timelines averaging 24 months, those missing starts translate directly into an empty delivery pipeline by late 2026 into 2027. RealPage is projecting strong rent growth from 2027 through 2029 as a direct result of this supply vacuum (Newmark/RealPage).

The demand side is quietly strengthening. Marcus & Millichap projects vacancy to settle roughly 200 basis points below the 2023 peak. Class A vacancy has held below the metro-wide average since 2023, and San Antonio ranked top five nationally for population growth among 20- to 35-year-olds over the past three years, a demographic that skews renter-by-choice. Employment is solid at 13,100 new jobs (#18 nationally), led by healthcare (+9,700) and trade (+8,300). At $120,341 average price per unit, the second-lowest entry point in this peer group, the forward setup rewards early positioning. The investors who position now will be the ones who capture the recovery.
11 · Florida
Tampa–St. Pete
287,665 units across 1,277 properties
−3.0% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+0.9%
15,500 net new jobs
Pipeline
18,283
units
12-Mo Deliveries
11,841
units forecast
Transaction Volume
$1.7B
trailing 12 months
Avg Price / Unit
$189,214
 
"Tampa-St. Pete hits −3.0% rent decline with both Lifestyle and RBN falling equally as heavy supply overwhelms modest employment gains."
The equal decline across both segments (−3.0% Lifestyle and −3.0% RBN) is the most alarming signal in this report, it means supply pressure has fully diffused from premium into workforce housing, leaving no defensive tier. With 15,500 new jobs against 11,841 units delivering in 12 months, the math is challenging. Western suburban corridors (Western beach corridors −7.4%, northwest suburban areas (−7.2% to −6.9%)) are the epicenter of the pain. eastern exurbs (+4.1%) stands alone as a supply-constrained outlier. Wage growth outpacing national averages is the one structural positive that could support a medium-term recovery once deliveries slow.
12 · Texas
Austin
370,637 units across 1,522 properties
−4.0% Rent Growth (Trailing)
Employment Growth
+0.7%
10,100 net new jobs
Pipeline
23,500
#9 nationally
12-Mo Deliveries
16,832
units forecast
Transaction Volume
$2.1B
trailing 12 months
Avg Price / Unit
$257,263
 
"Austin sits near the bottom of all 141 U.S. markets at −4.0% rent growth as massive supply overwhelms modest job gains."
Both Lifestyle (−4.0%) and RBN (−3.8%) are declining, signaling uniform distress rather than tier-specific pressure, a market-wide supply storm. The 23,500-unit pipeline (#9 nationally) with 16,832 units forecasted in the next 12 months cannot be absorbed by just 10,100 new jobs, especially with Professional and Business Services shedding 6,000 positions. northern exurbs (+6.4%) and eastern growth corridors (+3.8%) are the only bright spots, both with minimal supply and significant distance from the delivery epicenter. Austin's above-average pricing at $257,263/unit adds meaningful downside risk to any near-term acquisition thesis.
The Supply Cliff
The pipeline is collapsing. The data is unambiguous.
National completions peaked at ~480,000 units in 2023. By 2028, Yardi projects market-rate supply will be 31% below 2025 levels. The units not started in 2024–2025 will not deliver in 2026–2027.
2023 Completions
~480K
Cycle peak
2025 Completions
297K
Already falling (Yardi)
2026 Forecast
~260K
Supply cliff begins (MMG)
2028 vs 2025
−31%
Market-rate supply (Yardi)
TX Deliveries
<40K
Through summer 2026 vs 92K prior 12-mo (TRERC)
Construction starts have collapsed

Multifamily starts fell 32.2% year-over-year in Q3 2025 (NMHC). San Antonio starts collapsed 80% in 2024 to just 1,874 units, the lowest since 2009 (MMG). DFW units underway dropped to ~30,700, the lowest since 2015 (Matthews/CoStar). Charlotte construction starts in late 2025 fell to their lowest level since 2019 (M&M).

Critically, Census Bureau data and private-sector data tell different stories. Census reported +22.0% YoY increase in starts for Q2 2025, while CoStar showed a −34.9% decline for the same period (NMHC). Markets are likely tighter than government headlines suggest. The supply is slowing faster than anyone realizes.

Pipeline by market (Q1 2026)
MarketUnder Const.2026 DeliveriesChange
DFW15,44119,700↓40%
Atlanta14,58412,693↓ notable
Austin12,14118,000↓14,600
Houston13,1418,401↓34%
Tampa12,1417,559none sched. 2027
Orlando10,1416,016↓ from 11.3K
Charlotte16,8759,971starts lowest since '19
Nashville12,1416,020peaked 25K in '22
San Antonio3,1413,364↓50%, starts ↓80%
S. Florida35,141, Elevated
Sources: MMG Q1 2026 Pipeline Reports, Colliers Q4 2025, Newmark Q4 2025, NMHC Construction Survey
Capital Markets & the Refinancing Wall
$162 billion in multifamily debt matures in 2026.
MF Maturities 2026
$162.1B
Up from $104.1B in 2025 (MMG)
MF Maturities 2027
$167.7B
Wall continues (MMG)
Distressed MF
$22.8B
18% of total CRE distress (MMG Q3 2025)
Distressed Sales Share
1.3%
Down from 5.1% peak in early 2024
National cap rate snapshot (Q4 2025)
National Multifamily5.2%
All CRE Properties6.0%
CMBS Delinquency6.5-7.0%
CLO Delinquency7.05%
2025 Investment Volume$161.6B
Cap Rate Compression Proj.5-15 bps
Sources: Colliers Q4 2025, CBRE Q4 2025, NMHC
Replacement cost creates a floor

New construction replacement costs per unit across Sun Belt markets range from $160K to $195K for workforce and garden product, $240K to $280K for mid-rise, and $450K+ for high-rise (Newmark). When acquisition pricing falls below replacement cost, as it has in several Sun Belt markets, the economic incentive to build disappears entirely.

The combination of rising replacement costs, collapsing starts, and $162B in maturing debt creates a strategic opening for well-capitalized investors. Distressed sales share has already declined from 5.1% to 1.3%, suggesting the worst of forced selling may be behind us, but motivated sellers with maturing bridge loans will continue creating opportunities through 2027.

Cap rates have weak historical correlation with interest rates (NMHC). Apartments act as real assets where rent growth offsets rate hikes. The 2003–2006 precedent: Treasuries rose from 3.6% to 5.1% while apartment cap rates fell from 7.6% to 6.4%.

The Renter
4.3 million apartments needed by 2035. The structural shortage is not going away.
Units Needed by 2035
4.3M
NMHC demand forecast
Current Shortfall
3.7–4.9M
Total housing deficit (NMHC)
Affordable Lost
4.7M
Units <$1K/mo lost 2015–2020
Buy vs Rent Gap
50–65%
More expensive to buy (CBRE)
Ownership Costs
+78%
In 3 years (NMHC)
The renter is staying, and aging

Renter mobility has declined from 37.2% in 1981 to 18.3% in 2024. The median renter age rose from 33 to 40 over the same period (NMHC). Renters are staying put longer, renewing more, and aging in place, a structural shift that supports retention-focused operating strategies.

982,000 young adults moved out of their parents' homes between 2020 and 2024, the household formation rebound is real (MMG). Adults 25–34 living with parents dropped from 17.8% to 15.7%. This cohort is renting, not buying. San Antonio ranked top five nationally for population growth among 20–35-year-olds over the past three years (M&M).

Only 18.2% of aspiring buyers are actively looking to purchase, down from 20.5% in 2021 (NMHC). 17% of renters have no interest in buying at all. The rent-vs-own gap is at its widest since 2006. These are structural renters, not renters-in-waiting.

Who's actually building workforce housing? Almost nobody.

77% of 2024 deliveries were 4/5-Star product. Only 22.4% were 3-Star. Just 0.4% were 1/2-Star (NMHC). Virtually no one is building the housing that the majority of renters can actually afford.

The filtering mechanism, where new luxury supply relieves pressure on older, more affordable units, has slowed significantly since 2008 as new supply failed to keep pace with demand (NMHC). 1/2-Star units fell from 39.0% of total stock in 2014 to 30.3% in 2024. The affordable inventory is shrinking, not expanding.

Real rent growth from 2019 to 2022 was only 1.2% after adjusting for inflation, against a 6.3% nominal headline (NMHC). Housing + transportation account for 50% of household spending (BLS, 2024). Shelter CPI: rent of primary residence rose 2.7% and owners' equivalent rent rose 3.2% year-over-year through April 2026 (BLS).

Sources: NMHC (Demand Through 2035, Filtering Study, Renter Mobility, Affordability Research), CBRE Q4 2025, MMG (Household Formation, Population), BLS
Tax, Policy & Regulation
The One Big Beautiful Bill preserves 1031s, restores bonus depreciation, and raises the SALT cap.
OBBBA highlights for MF investors
SALT Cap$10K → $40K
QBI Deduction20% → 23%
Estate Tax Exemption$15M
Bonus Depreciation100% restored
1031 ExchangesPreserved
LIHTC 50% TestReduced to 25%
Source: MMG (One Big Beautiful Bill Analysis)
Rent control is driving capital away

The NMHC Q1 2026 quarterly survey asked how rent control laws have influenced investment decisions. The results show accelerating avoidance:

35% of respondents have cut back on investment in rent-controlled markets, up from 26% in January 2022. 41% said they do not operate in rent-controlled markets and would not consider doing so, up from 32% four years ago (NMHC).

NMHC research confirms that tenant protection regulations, source-of-income laws, eviction restrictions, screening requirements, function as hidden taxes. Source-of-income laws are associated with annual rent increases of $1,104. Eviction laws: $1,224. Screening laws: $708 (NMHC/CoStar).

Population & migration shifts

U.S. population growth slowed to 0.5% in 2025 (~1.8 million), the slowest since the pandemic (MMG). Net international migration plunged 54% year-over-year, from 2.7 million to 1.3 million.

Florida domestic migration collapsed: 310,900 (2022) → 22,500 (2025). Texas remains the top numeric gainer at +391,000, followed by Florida (+196.7K) and North Carolina (+145.9K). Charlotte adds an estimated 157 residents per day (M&M).

40% of future apartment demand is concentrated in Texas, Florida, and California (NMHC). The Southeast has $264.7 billion in announced large-scale industrial projects expected to create ~150,349 new jobs (MMG).

Sources: NMHC (Regulations & Rents, Q1 2026 Survey), MMG (OBBBA, Population, Southeast), M&M 2026 Forecast